Andrew Bernstein, Sam Usher, Sarah Lopez, Aaron Weiner, Elana Mira Hershman, Beth Sloane
Protists: A protist is a eukaryote that is not an animal, plant or fungi
The life cycle for protists are different depending on the four types: water molds, slime molds, algae and protozoa
Protists make up plankton
Many sea creatures eat and rely on plankton to survive
Protists cause many diseases such as malaria
They also cause potato blight, which is crop failure
Without protists, the amount of oxygen would be reduced drastically
Microbes: Microbes are eukaryotes. They have a nucleus to enclose DNA. Water molds: ·Found in wet environments and in upper layers of moist soil ·Feed on decaying tissue ·Can cause disease in fish ·Can infect plants Slime molds: ·They spend most of life independently ·They only become one enormous unicellular mass during undesirable conditions for independent life. ·They were once considered fungi, but can move and the construction of the membrane is different ·When in blob or foamy mass, their form can appear in a range of colors ·They eat decaying plants, fungi, bacteria and other slime molds ·They are commonly found in forests ·They send out a chemical to alert other cells to bond Protozoa: ·An important source of food for other creatures ·They are found in any climate ·They help break down food particles into simpler molecules in the guts of insects and mammals ·They feed on bacteria, other protozoa, organic matter and occasionally fungi ·They digest in stomach-like compartments and in the process, they produce nitrogen Algae: ·Aquatic life depends on algae ·Algae mostly live in water and can live in moist soil ·75% of the earth’s oxygen is produced by algae ·Can live on rocks and trees where enough moisture is available (even on the hairs of a sloth) ·Algae is photosynthetic Scientist: ·Antony Van Leeuwenhoek was a scientist and tradesman ·He was born in Delft, Holland (1632- 1723) ·He discovered bacteria, protists, sperm cells, blood cells, microscopic nematodes, rotifers and more ·He learned to crush lenses to make microscopes ·He made easy microscopes and observed them ·He made over 500 microscopes ·Ten of the microscopes still exist. The ten are able to magnify up to 275 times ·They are powerful magnifying glasses, and are the prelude to modern day microscopes Reproduction:
The most common cell division in protists is through asexual binary fission. The offspring replaces the divided parental cell and matures to be recognizable as a member of the parental species. This can take from a few hours to a few days.
Multiple fission is when the nucleus divides repeatedly. There are many types of multiple fission, including binary fission, budding, sporogony, and schizogony.
It is easy to see a difference between the different types of fission under a microscope.
Some Protists do reproduce sexually. Even some unicellular species sometimes reproduce sexually.
Syngamy, the union of a male and female gamete, is the most common sexual phenomenon.
Conjugation, the next most common, occurs in the ciliated protists. It has genetic and evolutionary results identical to those of syngamy. It involves a fusion of gametes rather than independent gamete cells, though. A zygotic nucleus produces a number of haploid pronuclei. Only one of these nuclei in each organism will survive while the others disintegrate. It divides mitotically. One pronucleus from each organism is exchanged, forming the next generation. After this, there are a series of asexual fissions and mitotic divisions. The new polypoid macronuclei is distributed into the first of these divisions. The macronuclei duplicate themselves through a form of mitosis.
(The last stage being the only reproduction)
Some protists reproduce both sexually and asexually. Harmful: Flagellates- Cause Sleeping Sickness (mainly in east Africa) and is caused by Trypanosoma Brucei (a protozoan parasite). It is carried by the Tsetse Fly and transfers the parasite by biting. It can be fatal if not treated. The 1st stage has symptoms of high fever, and tiredness. In the 2nd stage, the brain is affected and damaged changing sleeping habits. Sporozoans- Not mobile, and live inside hosts, like humans. They are parasites and they cause serious diseases. Mosquitoes infected with the parasite Plasmodium transfer Malaria by biting. Malaria infects liver and red blood cells. Symptoms include sickness, high temperature, and headaches. Life cycle of a malaria-carrying mosquito: 1.Bites Human 2.Enters liver and reproduces. 3.Offspring enter blood and reproduce 4.Some cells burst, and this causes symptoms 5.A new mosquito offspring eats the infected blood Amoebas- cause an illness called Amoebic Dysentery Disease- side effects include diarrhea, and is caused by consuming infected substances. The amoeba travels through the digestive system and stays in the intestine. Helpful: Protists are helpful because they make up plankton. Sea creatures eat plankton. The food chainof the ocean and its creatures depend on plankton. Protists produce 70% of our oxygen
Andrew Bernstein, Sam Usher, Sarah Lopez, Aaron Weiner, Elana Mira Hershman, Beth Sloane
Protists:A protist is a eukaryote that is not an animal, plant or fungi
- The life cycle for protists are different depending on the four types: water molds, slime molds, algae and protozoa
- Protists make up plankton
- Many sea creatures eat and rely on plankton to survive
- Protists cause many diseases such as malaria
- They also cause potato blight, which is crop failure
- Without protists, the amount of oxygen would be reduced drastically
Microbes:Microbes are eukaryotes. They have a nucleus to enclose DNA.
Water molds:
· Found in wet environments and in upper layers of moist soil
· Feed on decaying tissue
· Can cause disease in fish
· Can infect plants
Slime molds:
· They spend most of life independently
· They only become one enormous unicellular mass during undesirable conditions for independent life.
· They were once considered fungi, but can move and the construction of the membrane is different
· When in blob or foamy mass, their form can appear in a range of colors
· They eat decaying plants, fungi, bacteria and other slime molds
· They are commonly found in forests
· They send out a chemical to alert other cells to bond
Protozoa:
· An important source of food for other creatures
· They are found in any climate
· They help break down food particles into simpler molecules in the guts of insects and mammals
· They feed on bacteria, other protozoa, organic matter and occasionally fungi
· They digest in stomach-like compartments and in the process, they produce nitrogen
Algae:
· Aquatic life depends on algae
· Algae mostly live in water and can live in moist soil
· 75% of the earth’s oxygen is produced by algae
· Can live on rocks and trees where enough moisture is available (even on the hairs of a sloth)
· Algae is photosynthetic
Scientist:
· Antony Van Leeuwenhoek was a scientist and tradesman
· He was born in Delft, Holland (1632- 1723)
· He discovered bacteria, protists, sperm cells, blood cells, microscopic nematodes, rotifers and more
· He learned to crush lenses to make microscopes
· He made easy microscopes and observed them
· He made over 500 microscopes
· Ten of the microscopes still exist. The ten are able to magnify up to 275 times
· They are powerful magnifying glasses, and are the prelude to modern day microscopes
Reproduction:
The most common cell division in protists is through asexual binary fission. The offspring replaces the divided parental cell and matures to be recognizable as a member of the parental species. This can take from a few hours to a few days.
Multiple fission is when the nucleus divides repeatedly. There are many types of multiple fission, including binary fission, budding, sporogony, and schizogony.
It is easy to see a difference between the different types of fission under a microscope.
Some Protists do reproduce sexually. Even some unicellular species sometimes reproduce sexually.
Syngamy, the union of a male and female gamete, is the most common sexual phenomenon.
Conjugation, the next most common, occurs in the ciliated protists. It has genetic and evolutionary results identical to those of syngamy. It involves a fusion of gametes rather than independent gamete cells, though. A zygotic nucleus produces a number of haploid pronuclei. Only one of these nuclei in each organism will survive while the others disintegrate. It divides mitotically. One pronucleus from each organism is exchanged, forming the next generation. After this, there are a series of asexual fissions and mitotic divisions. The new polypoid macronuclei is distributed into the first of these divisions. The macronuclei duplicate themselves through a form of mitosis.
(The last stage being the only reproduction)
Some protists reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Harmful:
Flagellates- Cause Sleeping Sickness (mainly in east Africa) and is caused by Trypanosoma Brucei (a protozoan parasite). It is carried by the Tsetse Fly and transfers the parasite by biting. It can be fatal if not treated. The 1st stage has symptoms of high fever, and tiredness. In the 2nd stage, the brain is affected and damaged changing sleeping habits.
Sporozoans- Not mobile, and live inside hosts, like humans. They are parasites and they cause serious diseases. Mosquitoes infected with the parasite Plasmodium transfer Malaria by biting. Malaria infects liver and red blood cells. Symptoms include sickness, high temperature, and headaches.
Life cycle of a malaria-carrying mosquito:
1. Bites Human
2. Enters liver and reproduces.
3. Offspring enter blood and reproduce
4. Some cells burst, and this causes symptoms
5. A new mosquito offspring eats the infected blood
Amoebas- cause an illness called Amoebic Dysentery Disease- side effects include diarrhea, and is caused by consuming infected substances. The amoeba travels through the digestive system and stays in the intestine.
Helpful:
Protists are helpful because they make up plankton. Sea creatures eat plankton. The food chainof the ocean and its creatures depend on plankton. Protists produce 70% of our oxygen